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      | A8版:一周策略
    紧缩预期强化 市场信心难以提振
    券商研究显示最具成长性品种追踪
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    本周行业看台:农业
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    紧缩预期强化 市场信心难以提振
    2010年01月26日      来源:上海证券报      作者:
    国元证券看 平                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 东北证券看 多                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             浙商证券看 平                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             银河证券看 平                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             东方证券看 空

    市场目前运行在经济向好和政策紧缩的矛盾之中。经济向好是已经预期到的,引发紧缩的原因第一是经济已经全面正常化增长,第二是通胀管理预期。如果只是在经济全面正常化高增长的同时收紧对于通胀超预期的控制,那么对于市场并无不利,因为预期中的“高增长低通胀”有利于股市。但是如果假设的两个前提中有一个出现问题,那么对于市场的影响将更不确定。而紧缩究竟如何收及收过之后会不会导致经济二次探底恰是市场的宏观隐患之一。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 基本面的加法遭遇政策面的减法预期,是去年底以来市场在3100至3300点位置反复拉锯运行的重要逻辑。目前政策减法预期正逐步走向实现,区间震荡格局维持的有点勉强。本周由于指数处区间下轨附近有反弹要求,但空间有限且难以持续,操作上以弱反弹对待为好。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             上周全球股市普遍下跌,其中恒生指数自去年11月中旬高点下跌已经超过9%,出现了明显的技术性头部。欧美股市也出现明显疲态,技术走势有所恶化,应该引起关注;综合估值、技术走势、转换周期、市场氛围来看,大盘风格相对转强仍然值得期待,在融资融券试点前后权重股表现值得期待。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2010年的A股市场在经济和业绩良好的同时,面临着很多不确定性因素,我们把今年A股市场面临的复杂环境概括为“一大背景、两大预期、三大变数”。一大背景是基本实现全流通;两大预期是刺激政策退出预期和明年经济增速可能放缓;三大变数是国际市场风险、资金供求压力和资本市场创新。在下有支撑、上有扰动情况下,市场将呈现典型的震荡市特征。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             目前我国经济已经重回高速增长区间,经济快速回升以及信贷大量投放导致通胀超预期上升,政府继续对经济进行调控是必然的。但我们预计近期货币政策仍将以公开市场操作和存款准备金率等数量调控手段为主,以达到均衡信贷投放的目的,防止大起大落。由于人民币升值压力和就业压力的存在,加息等“价格”型调控手段短期内出台可能性相对较小。

            尽管市场对紧缩预期所带来的后果预期不尽相同,但股指经过三周下跌后,在目前诸多支撑黏结处有望获得一定支撑。考虑到紧缩预期犹存,股指向上空间有限,而向下3050点的得失将决定沪指前期11.24大跌后的走势是否形成下降通道。诸多因素合力下,本周股指修复性震荡可能性较大。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                结合去年底以来的走势,我们应深刻理解美元中期走强对A股的长期压制关系。这里包含两点,一是美元中期走强已基本获确认,二是在此背景下历史上的“金花”们难有大戏,这就决定了A股弱势格局仍将维持。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             眼下针对中国经济退出政策已在不知不觉中实施,而美元上涨趋势也日渐明朗,股市疲态也逐步显现,我们对2010年的市场判断也在逐渐被市场认同。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         当前的震荡不过是全年走势的阶段性展示,我们预测全年上证综指的核心波动区间在2700-3900点。从短期看,弱势震荡可能仍然会持续,即便有反弹,力度也不会很强。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     本周建议利用市场调整契机布局区域振兴投资主题。由于政策超预期调控,市场短期内将会受到一定压力。对于区域经济振兴投资,我们认为将有望成为贯穿2010年全年最为重要的投资主题之一。建议投资者利用市场调整契机进行积极布局,我们最为看好新疆、上海、安徽等区域。政策对于消费以及战略性新兴产业的扶持依然会持续,同样可以利用调整契机进行积极布局。此外,估值相对较低的银行、保险、交运也值得重点关注。

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         操作策略上,目前点位我们建议主要以控制仓位为主,中小股票结构调整风险加大、逢反弹减仓为主。本周主要考虑金融股、农业股、铁路股等为主要选股对象,构建组合:招商银行、深发展、光大证券、山东高速、禾嘉股份、顺鑫农业、广东明珠、中体产业、中国中铁。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         尽管大盘疲弱,但结构性机会仍然不少。区域振兴题材、世博概念股、航运股等在上周表现良好。短期大盘尚处于区间震荡中,而权重股将主导大盘短期运行方向。注重估值和题材,并在控制仓位情况下适当参与仍是近期的主要操作策略。航运、券商、世博题材股可重点关注。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         投资机会主要集中在消费品,如商业、食品饮料、旅游、航空、造纸等行业,农业因政策推动也有较好机会;美元指数继续上涨、国际大宗商品价格下跌可能会给上游资源品带来压力,投资者需加以关注。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

    光大证券看 多                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 华泰联合证券看 平                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         国联证券看 平                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             国盛证券 看 多                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            招商证券看 空

    最近央行采取了一系列措施回收流动性,我们认为,央行只是要防止一季度信贷过猛过松,而不是要紧缩货币,我们认为短期内不会加息。随着市场逐渐了解央行意图,这种政策对大盘的压力会逐渐衰减。结合宏观经济、财政政策、货币政策、流动性、估值等各方面因素,一季度大盘必将超越3478点创出新高,上证综指运行区间在3050到3650之间,目前大盘下跌就是买入机会。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 我们对市场的看法由谨慎转向中性,而如果本周出现下面三种情况之一,我们会更加乐观:(1)加息仍然只闻楼梯响。通胀担忧情绪逐步强化,货币政策收缩的担忧通过市场大幅下跌来体现。若跌至3000点以下,我们建议加仓;(2)加息预期兑现,利空出尽,未来两到三月内货币政策进入稳定期,加息之日便是底部之时;(3)市场仍震荡,但高层释放更多信息,货币政策进一步收缩担忧减弱。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         行情表现受宏调节奏影响很大,投资者避险心理加深市场跌幅。市场行情开始表现出更多的“下半场”特征,即流动性配置让位于侧重业绩的防御投资和主题投资。市场虽仍有上行可能,但由于宏调节奏快于预期,上行空间确实受到一定压制。在加息靴子落地前,任何乐观因素都很难不受到投资者心理波动的压制,但基本面情况亦不支持较大下跌。因此未来一段时间内,行情都难以有大幅度的变化,我们判断本周行情仍维持上下两难震荡格局。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 近期市场往往在指数呈现向上突破趋势时快速暴跌,而在指数呈现向下深调趋势时反转或为机构投资者在融资融券和股指期货推出前进行操作模式的预演,而近期这种预演将继续。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             尽管从当前的经济数据看,经济形势总体上处于高增长温和通胀状态,但是投资者却很担心。一方面担心政策收缩和退出后经济增长失去恢复的动力,另一方面担心如果不收缩货币政策,通胀会快速上升。政府似乎只能在夹缝中生存,需要在经济增长和通胀之间寻找平衡;而股市似乎要在经济增长、通胀、政策博弈中选择方向。上述因素纠结在一起,成为当前的困惑。

         我们认为,国内流动性主要来源有四个:【1】信贷,一季度信贷环比增速将改善,保持适度宽松;【2】贸易顺差将会带来外汇占款;【3】国际资本(热钱)将持续流入;【4】居民股票投资倾向提高。因此,中期流动性仍将适度宽松,大盘不会因为流动性而受到抑制。另外,目前宏观经济在迅速增长,企业盈利将随着经济复苏和PPI、CPI的回升而增长,估值比较低,指数有抬升空间。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         我们不认为经济复苏进程有所变化:(1)目前经济数据是同比增速高仅是去年基期低的缘故,即使加息也仅是管理通胀预期的需要,不会连续加息。(2)上调2010年经济增速。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             主题策略方面,互联网相关个股及电子元器件板块短期应注意风险。目前的市场环境中需暂时规避流动性相关密切的行业,关注有望成为市场“定海神针”的银行,以及经济全面增长中表现优秀的出口、运输相关行业和受益通胀和经济复苏下老百姓收入增长的大消费类行业。另外,热点区域板块投资仍有一定机会。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2010年我国经济将以调结构为重心,市场将呈现结构性行情,形式上以强势宽幅震荡为主。技术上,指数向下跌破了2008年11月以来形成的上升通道下轨,如果此上升通道依然有效,那么指数将在刺破下轨后形成一波反弹,迅速回归到通道内。如果指数真正打破了上升通道,那么市场长期趋势将改变,由2009年8月以来的2600-3500点横向区间震荡将成为新的长期趋势。中期趋势将转变为自2009年12月以来的逐波走低的深度调整,调整目标在年线(2800点附近)。而近期指数连续跌破上升通道下轨(3150)和半年线(3050点),向下则面临3000点,这些点位都存在一定支撑,有望出现探底反弹。                                                                                                                                                                                            货币政策紧缩预期加剧短期内市场波动风险,但中期内货币政策适度收缩有助于防范通胀风险,经济增长因素由投资向出口的转换有助于在政策退出背景下延续经济回升趋势。综上,我们认为市场先抑不改后扬趋势。行业方面,继续推荐航空航运、化工、必需消费品如食品饮料和服装等、世博会主题相关的旅游等,短期内关注银行股的反弹机会,而煤炭股快速下跌后估值已经合理。

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         投资主线:交运、钢铁、造纸、商业、科技。市场大幅调整后风格应该有所转变,资金面仍制约大盘股上涨,中盘且跌幅大的股票更有吸引力;主题投资:世博会、人民币升值、超跌反弹、重庆两江新区规划。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

    国信证券看 空                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 国金证券看 空                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             中金公司 看 空                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             国泰君安看 空                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             东海证券看 平

    我们认为从管理通胀预期到今年10月份CPI见顶回落之间,市场波动中枢将逐步下移。从上证综指来看,中期调整已经开始,波段操作和仓位控制变的至关重要。2010年可能的波段操作机会来自于股指期货出台前1个月+二季度经济阶段过热背景下的业绩超预期推动。但对于此间的向上波动幅度,我们也并不乐观。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             在快速经济运行背景下A股市场却持续处于震荡盘整格局,显示对政策收缩已有所担忧。从本轮经济回升看,很大程度上还是较为依赖大幅扩张的流动性,以及由此引发的资产价格上涨带来的需求回升。而政策收缩显然会产生较为明显的影响,这一点在政策收缩成为现实压力后会对原先市场预期形成冲击。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             虽然宏观数据总体强劲,但未能带来市场信心的显著提振,而未来支持市场信心的数据空间愈加收窄。过强的经济表现将强化市场对政策紧缩预期,而任何一点放缓迹象又带来政策调控可能过度的担忧。本质上,这个困境反映的是政策不确定性已经为市场情绪笼罩上厚厚的阴云。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     自从大盘2009年10月份反弹以来,上证指数一直走向不断收窄的旗形走势,上周大盘终于在信贷调控等政策预期下选择向下跌破旗形走势。但在经济回升背景下,市场难以出现系统性下跌,预计仍将维持10月份以来2800-3300点大的箱体运行格局,震荡仍是主基调。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 上周影响市场的主要因素为投资者对于流动性收紧的预期,具体涉及的政策事件包括央行限制放贷和加息传闻、央票发行利率继续提高等。不可否认流动性收紧对市场会造成负面影响,然而从目前市场表现来看,我们认为反应的确有点过度。经济加速复苏下基本面盈利向上是确定的中期常态,是影响大盘各个因素中起支撑作用的中流砥柱。政策面影响导致大盘节节败退,而基本面向好使得大盘将在关键点位获得支撑。我们认为,政策面西风与基本面东风的PK将在本周继续,当前市场对负面政策的预期在本周仍将延续。

         国信宏观组判断2010年10月份CPI见顶,达到3.8%,全年CPI为3.1%。从目前政府管理通胀预期的手段来看,市场对于资金面的紧缩预期已经开始,并且随着CPI逐步上行,这种紧缩预期将越来越强烈。CPI不断上升和资金面不断紧缩将导致市场无风险利率和风险溢价率逐步上行,降低市场估值水平;目前市场对2010年利润增速的一致预期为[25%,30%],和国信的预期28%相当。资金面和业绩面的共同作用将导致市场进入中期调整阶段。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 之前市场普遍预期A股处于震荡格局,但更倾向于维持较高仓位,寻找相对收益。但在目前政策超预期紧缩下,原先较为一致的预期受到冲击,因此市场将会经历一段预期重新调整时期。在预期修正过程中,原先被反复追逐的小市值泡沫区域可能面临较大压力。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    今非昔比,股市对政策的敏感度高,在政策预期强化阶段市场难以向上突破。既然“政策刺激”是这一轮经济复苏的主要推动力,市场有很多理由担心“政策退出”对经济和企业业绩造成相反的效果。市场对盈利增长的信心是否产生动摇是A股下行的另一个潜在的风险。股指支撑来自普遍乐观的2010年盈利增长预期(25%-30%),鉴于越来越多投资者对房地产投资持续性产生怀疑,相关板块的盈利预测受到挑战可能只是时间问题。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 此次受调控影响最大的地产板块出现明显的破位下跌,与大盘出现明显背离行情,与地产产业链相关的基本上是周期性板块。由于国内A股是典型的周期性板块占主导的市场,地产指数具有明显领先作用。国内地产业涉及50多个子行业,如果地产业出现大规模的成交量萎缩,必然使得宏观经济运行出现大幅度逆转。在产业结构未成功转型前,房地产业仍是中国宏观经济的风向标,因此地产指数可作为大盘一定的领先指标。而地产板块近期调整并未有结束迹象,这将拖累大盘向下寻求支撑。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         总体来看,虽然我们依然坚定认为基本面向上将对A股构成支撑,但各方面的负面因素将会考验本周A股走势。虽然上周五银行板块强势反弹拉动市场指数,但中小盘股的调整可能拖累整体市场,我们预计本周市场将呈现震荡格局。(编辑 姚炯)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         政策收缩压力较大,也意味着政策效果会较为明显,因此在宏观政策收缩到一定程度后,通胀风险被控制、政策趋于再宽松、资产价格处于相对低位,可以着重考虑战略性增持蓝筹股(保险、银行、地产等)。                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 投资建议:股市短期将震荡下行,小市值股票相对风险加大。